Удосконалення реалізації діяльнісного підходу в процесі профільного навчання старшокласників технологій перетворювальної діяльності

Abstract

(ua) Стаття присвячена проблемі удосконалення реалізації діяльнісного підходу в процесі профільного навчання старшокласників технологій перетворювальної діяльності. У дослідженні запропоновано визначення змісту терміну «перетворювальна діяльність старшокласників» у процесі профільного навчання технологій; методику відбору змісту профільного навчання старшокласників технологій, яка ґрунтується на виявленні технологій перетворювальної діяльності та їхніх особливостей й оптимальній реалізації їх в освітньому процесі; організацію реалізації діяльнісного підходу у процесі профільного навчання старшокласників технологій, яка базується на теорії поетапного формування розумових дій, відповідно до якої знання розглядаються як похідне утворення від практичних дій; залежно від дидактичного завдання та етапу його реалізації застосовувати відповідні дидактичні методи і технології для формування компетентності з реалізації організаційно-підготовчих технологій, технологій реалізації обраного об’єкта та технологій аналізу результатів реалізації обраного об’єкта; напрямки подальшого дослідження проблеми.

(en) The article is devoted to the problem of improving the implementation of the activity approach in the process of specialized training of high school students in the technologies of transformational activity. The research relied on the position that the transformational activities of high school students are aimed at creating intellectual or material values (preparation of essays, works, technical devices, models, arts and crafts, etc.) provided by the curriculum or selected by students. To optimize the search for ways to improve the implementation of the activity approach, the technology of transformational activities was composed into three groups: - organizational and preparatory technologies; - technologies of realization of the chosen object; - technologies of analysis of results of transforming activity. The process of finding ways to improve the implementation of the activity approach during the specialized training of high school students in the technologies of transformational activities was based on the provisions: - high school students can optimally develop during the educational process through their own activities and in the process; - the efficiency of the educational process will increase if the traditional and creative types of transformational activities are used optimally, which are aimed at the realization of ideas, plans, methods of cognitive activity, improvement of technologies, etc. To implement the activity approach in the process of specialized education of high school students, the technologies of transformational activity characteristic for each group were singled out, according to which the forms of organization of the educational process, as well as methods and technologies of their implementation were chosen. This approach to the implementation of technologies of transformational activities helped to increase the effectiveness of the activity approach in the process of specialized training of high school students in technology. The ways of realization of the activity approach in the process of profile training of senior pupils of technologies of transforming activity offered in article contributed to improvement: - methods of content selection, which was based on the identification of technologies of transformational activities and their features and their optimal implementation during the educational process; - organization of the activity approach, which was based on the theory of gradual formation of mental actions, according to which knowledge was considered as a derivative of practical actions; - didactic methods and technologies for the formation of competence in the implementation of technologies of transformational activities. In the offered research only a separate aspect of a problem of activization of cognitive activity of pupils of high school in the course of profile training of technologies of transforming activity is considered. Further research is proposed to focus on finding ways: - reduction of direct interaction between technology teachers and high school students during the educational process and a corresponding increase in the share of their independent cognitive activity; - reorientation of students' cognitive activity mainly on the independent implementation of educational tasks, in the process of which they master the competencies provided by the curriculum, based on relevant guidelines and reference tools.