Нові підходи до вивчення питання "Променеві технології обробки" при викладанні дисципліни "Основні процеси обробки матеріалів (металів)"
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Date
2021
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РВВ ЦДПУ ім. В. Винниченка
Abstract
(uk) У статті розглянуті нові підходи при вивченні студентами бакалаврату спеціальності 014 Середня освіта (Трудове навчання та технології) особливостей променевих технологій обробки металевих матеріалів, як однієї зі складових тем навчальної дисципліни "Виробництво та обробка конструкційних матеріалів: Основні процеси обробки матеріалів (металів)", за рахунок більш ефективного компонування та подачі відповідного лекційного матеріалу з допомогою системи мультимедійних презентацій під час лекційних відео-конференцій в умовах дистанційного навчання. Показано, що більш ретельного опрацювання студентами потребують питання, які пов'язані з такими видами корпускулярно-променевої обробки металів і їх сплавів, як електронно-променева та іонно-променева обробка. Проаналізовано особливості викладення матеріалу по фотонно-променевій обробці металевих матеріалів.
(en) The article considers new approaches in the study of undergraduate students majoring in 014 Secondary Education (Labor Training and Technology) features of beam technologies of metal materials processing, as one of the components of the discipline "Production and processing of structural materials: Basic processes of materials processing (metals)", for due to more efficient composition and presentation of relevant lecture material using a system of multimedia presentations during lecture video conferences in the distance learning. It is shown that students need more careful study of issues related to such types of corpuscular-beam processing of metals and their alloys as electron-beam and ion-beam processing. Peculiarities of material presentation on photon-beam processing of metallic materials are analyzed. When processing this material, students should emphasize that beam methods of processing metals and their alloys are divided into two main groups - corpuscular- beam, when processing is carried out by focused streams (beams) of high-energy particles (electrons, protons, ions), and photonic-(light-)beam, when processing is carried out by focused streams of quanta (photons) of electromagnetic radiation of infrared, visible, ultraviolet or X-ray ranges. The specific energy density of these rays can reach 1010 W/cm2, and the surface heating temperature of materials from them - up to 104 °C, which is accompanied by the processes of melting and evaporation of metals and their alloys in the treatment zone. In most cases, short-pulse is used in beam dimensional processing, ie rays that focus on very small working areas (up to 10-7 cm2) and act for a very short time (10-4-10-13 s) at a frequency of 50-6000 Hz, - they do not act during the emission of evaporated material from the well. In the developed complex of the electronic course of the discipline of lectures-presentations on this topic such kind as ion-beam technology is separately considered - which is a combination of methods of processing metal materials by high-energy ion fluxes (ion doping) and ion lithography, radiation deposition of coatings) as a result of which changes the shape, mechanical, physicochemical, magnetic and electrical properties of the surface layers and even significant parts of the volume of processed metal products. More common technologies of corpuscular-beam processing are electron-beam processing (welding, melting (output of especially pure metals and alloys), drilling, heat treatment of limited zones, micromilling, engraving, annealing, remelting of surface layers, spraying, soldering), using the phenomenon of conversion of kinetic energy of focused beams of accelerated electrons into thermal energy of the surface of processed metallic materials, due to shock braking of electrons moving in vacuum at speeds up to 100 thousand km/s, there is instantaneous heating, melting and evaporation from narrow-diameter 1 μm of the workpiece area. When studying this issue, students should also emphasize that the main photon-beam technologies for processing metals and their alloys are laser technologies for surface (laser surfacing (spraying), alloying, annealing (tempering), hardening without and with a phase transition, surface amortization, engraving, marking, shock hardening, etc.) and for "volume" (cutting, cutting blanks (cutting), punching holes, welding, soldering, etc.) processing of materials.
(en) The article considers new approaches in the study of undergraduate students majoring in 014 Secondary Education (Labor Training and Technology) features of beam technologies of metal materials processing, as one of the components of the discipline "Production and processing of structural materials: Basic processes of materials processing (metals)", for due to more efficient composition and presentation of relevant lecture material using a system of multimedia presentations during lecture video conferences in the distance learning. It is shown that students need more careful study of issues related to such types of corpuscular-beam processing of metals and their alloys as electron-beam and ion-beam processing. Peculiarities of material presentation on photon-beam processing of metallic materials are analyzed. When processing this material, students should emphasize that beam methods of processing metals and their alloys are divided into two main groups - corpuscular- beam, when processing is carried out by focused streams (beams) of high-energy particles (electrons, protons, ions), and photonic-(light-)beam, when processing is carried out by focused streams of quanta (photons) of electromagnetic radiation of infrared, visible, ultraviolet or X-ray ranges. The specific energy density of these rays can reach 1010 W/cm2, and the surface heating temperature of materials from them - up to 104 °C, which is accompanied by the processes of melting and evaporation of metals and their alloys in the treatment zone. In most cases, short-pulse is used in beam dimensional processing, ie rays that focus on very small working areas (up to 10-7 cm2) and act for a very short time (10-4-10-13 s) at a frequency of 50-6000 Hz, - they do not act during the emission of evaporated material from the well. In the developed complex of the electronic course of the discipline of lectures-presentations on this topic such kind as ion-beam technology is separately considered - which is a combination of methods of processing metal materials by high-energy ion fluxes (ion doping) and ion lithography, radiation deposition of coatings) as a result of which changes the shape, mechanical, physicochemical, magnetic and electrical properties of the surface layers and even significant parts of the volume of processed metal products. More common technologies of corpuscular-beam processing are electron-beam processing (welding, melting (output of especially pure metals and alloys), drilling, heat treatment of limited zones, micromilling, engraving, annealing, remelting of surface layers, spraying, soldering), using the phenomenon of conversion of kinetic energy of focused beams of accelerated electrons into thermal energy of the surface of processed metallic materials, due to shock braking of electrons moving in vacuum at speeds up to 100 thousand km/s, there is instantaneous heating, melting and evaporation from narrow-diameter 1 μm of the workpiece area. When studying this issue, students should also emphasize that the main photon-beam technologies for processing metals and their alloys are laser technologies for surface (laser surfacing (spraying), alloying, annealing (tempering), hardening without and with a phase transition, surface amortization, engraving, marking, shock hardening, etc.) and for "volume" (cutting, cutting blanks (cutting), punching holes, welding, soldering, etc.) processing of materials.
Description
Keywords
методика вивчення обробки металевих матеріалів, електронно-променева обробка, іонно-променева обробка, лазерна обробка, методика изучения обработки металлических материалов, электронно-лучевая обработка, ионно-лучевая обработка, лазерная обработка, methodology of studying the processing of metallic materials, electron-beam processing, ion-beam processing, laser processing
Citation
Ткачук А. І. Нові підходи до вивчення питання "Променеві технології обробки" при викладанні дисципліни "Основні процеси обробки матеріалів (металів)" / Андрій Іванович Ткачук // Наукові записки ЦДПУ. Серія: Педагогічні науки = Academic Nores. Series: Pedagogical Sciences / ЦДПУ ім. В. Винниченка ; ред. кол.: В. Ф. Черкасов, В. В. Радул, Н. С. Савченко та ін. Кропивницький : РВВ ЦДПУ ім. В. Винниченка, 2021. Вип. 201. С. 132-134.