Нові підходи до вивчення питання «Шкідливі звички. Алкоголізм» при викладанні дисципліни «Безпека життєдіяльності та охорона праці в галузі»

Abstract

(ua) У статті розглянуті нові підходи при вивченні соціальних небезпек, що пов’язані з такими шкідливими звичками, як регулярне вживання алкогольних напоїв (алкоголізм), студентами вищих навчальних закладів у процесі викладання безпеки життєдіяльності та охорони праці в галузі за рахунок більш ефективного компонування та подачі відповідного лекційного матеріалу за допомогою системи мультимедійних презентацій.

(ru) В статье рассмотрены новые подходы при изучении социальных опасностей, связанных с такими вредными привычками, как регулярное употребление алкогольных напитков (алкоголизм), студентами высших учебных заведений в процессе преподавания безопасности жизнедеятельности и охраны труда в отрасли за счет более эффективного компоновки и подачи соответствующего лекционного материала с помощью системы мультимедийных презентаций.

(en) In the article new approaches are considered in the study of social dangers (associated with such harmful habits as regular consumption of alcoholic beverages (alcoholism) by students of higher educational institutions in the process of teaching safety of life and labor protection in the industry through more efficient arrangement and filing of the corresponding lecture material through a system of multimedia presentations. The contemporary ideas about mechanisms, causes and consequences of formation of alcoholic dependence are considered. It is shown that at a dose of80-90 g of pure ethanol and above the body undergoes a real «ethyl stroke». Interacting with neurons in the brain, ethanol molecules create the most unexpected impact on a particular person - someone gets fears, someone becomes hypersexual, obsessive, someone becomes very talkative. In different people, the temperament, the initial emotional settings of the brain under the influence of alcohol are clearly manifested. Aggressive in temperament, the person becomes more aggressive, emotionally steroid becomes more nervous. Some people are beginning to weep and sorry for their lives and then fall asleep. According to statistics, 15% ofpeople are indifferent to alcohol by nature - they do not receive direct satisfaction from its action. Even if they drink, they do not feel characteristic of most of the essential sense of mental equilibrium and emotional uplift. Even for 15% of people each drinking a portion of alcohol gives a direct sense of pleasure. They get bright, positive emotions from drinking. Each of his next encounter with alcohol is an attempt to repeat the pleasant feelings, which leads to a psychological dependence on alcohol. When alcohol causes an attack on joy, motor excitation, then in this period, an adaptation of the body occurs in humans, and systems that are not satisfied with alcohol are suppressed for some time. This effect lasts 2-3 days, even with the average consumption of alcohol. After becoming addicted to alcohol, a person experiences a constant shortage of strong positive emotions. New portions of alcohol bring a temporary improvement, and the complete refusal of drinking is fraught with severe psychological consequences (psychoses). Therefore, people who are genetically predisposed to drug abuse (15-25% of the population) naturally fall into the group of alcoholic risk because they lack the «natural pleasure» associated with the poor work of the dopamine system - due to the lack of work of the centers satisfaction in the brain from the very beginning of their birth do not get the desired level of joy and pleasure, and, in appropriate circumstances, they want to fill the lack of positive emotions with the help of psychoactive compounds.