Особливості використання текстового матеріалу на уроці німецької мови

Abstract

(uk) У статті розглядаються основні особливості текстового матеріалу як результату мовнокомунікативної діяльності людини з огляду на використання текстів у навчальному процесі з німецької мови. Проаналізовано основні критерії відбору текстів; подано систему вправ і завдань для навчання читання, говоріння та письма з використанням текстового матеріалу.

(ru) В статье рассматриваются главные особенности текстового материала как результата коммуникативной деятельности человека с точки зрения использования текстов в учебном процессе по немецкому языку. Проанализировано главные критерии отбора текстов; представлено систему упражнений и заданий для обучения чтению, говорению и письму с использованием текстового материала.

(en) The article presents the results of the study of the features of text material and its use in the German lesson. The main purpose of teaching German at school is to develop the communicative competence of pupils, the ability and readiness to engage in foreign language communication with native speakers, and the ability to use a foreign language as an instrument in the dialogue of cultures on the basis of a communicative-oriented approach to learning. Therefore, in the center of language learning is working with texts. The category of the text is the key category of communicative oriented learning of foreign languages. It is noted that the use of texts is a prerequisite for the formation of socio- cultural competence and its components such as subject/thematic and linguistic-national competence. Regarding the peculiarities of textual activity, it has been established that its subject is communicative intention, and the products is an inference in the process of interpretation, perception of the text and the text itself in the process of its production. As a result of analysis of theoretical and methodological literature, the method of teaching foreign languages considers the text as: 1) the basis for the acquisition of linguistic and encyclopedic education and the basis for educational impact on pupils; 2) a means of teaching different types of speech activities (listening, speaking, reading and writing); 3) the result of an educational process that is perceived and evaluated. The basis for the learning process are texts that: 1) contain valuable information and affect the motives; 2) correspond to the interests and possibilities of pupils of a certain age group; 3) contain linguistic material that should be used or acquired by pupils to enrich the stock of their knowledge; 4) demonstrate techniques used in the interest of creating the appropriate communicative intentions; 5) demonstrate models of relevant subject-logical and situational-speech reactions. The article also presents the main criteria for selecting texts for the German language learning process, the observance of which will allow to be used effectively as a model for the pupils to produce their own texts. Considerable attention is paid to the aspect of the use of text material for teaching reading, speaking and writing. To this end, different types of exercises and tasks are provided, the basis for which the text serves. It is important that texts promote the implementation of such principles of teaching a foreign language as communicative, visibility, novelty and functionality.