Мовна картина світу давніх германців: лексико-семантичний аспект

Abstract

(uk) У статті розглядаються питання лексико-семантичних особливостей мовної картини світу давніх германців. Вона містить витоки мовних картин світу в культурі багатьох народів сучасності. Мовну картину світу створюють вербалізовані культурні смисли. Мовна картина світу є зображенням в мові цілісного світу, людини в ньому та видів її діяльності. Античні автори вказують, що центральною діяльністю давніх германців була військова справа. Докази цього можна знайти і в мові. В усіх сегментах мовної картини світу германців наявні лексико-семантичні одиниці, пов’язані з воєнними діями та їх наслідками.

(en) In this paper the questions of lexical-semantic world view of ancient Germans are examinated. Language world view of ancient Germans contains the origin of language world view of many modern nations. Everything, that is important in culture is reflected in the language world view, possesses the notions about the cultural phenomena, cultural meanings and brings them to the next generation. Cultural meanings are basic for creation of world view,and articulated cultural meanings form language world view. Language world view usually is identified in relation with the naive or semantic world view, with mental processes, which are essential to different nations. For reaching the understanding among the representatives of different nations and cultures it is important to realize not only modern culture phenomena but also the source of creation of different cultures. World view is studied as the complete world image, which is resulted in people activity, people contacts with the world. Language world view is an image made with the help of language means of the whole world, a person in it and everything, which surrounds him and everything a person contacts with in all spheres of his activity during all his life. This article analyses the influence of the main social ancient Germans activity upon the semantic element of the ancient Germans vocabulary. Information about main social activities of ancent Germans could be found in the works of ancient authors. They are military activity, agriculture, cattle breeding, crafts, jurisprudence. It is representative that all kinds of social activities supplied military activity. Agriculture supplied with the food, cattle breeding supplied with horses, crafts prepared weapon, tribunal judged deserters, double-dealers, who were punished very severely. Childrearing, especially youth, was directed to the development of fighter characterictics. The evidences of military activity priority in the society of ancient Germans could be seen in the language. In all segments of language world view are presented lexical-semantic unities, connected with military actions and their consequences, with death and weapon. The great part of lexical unities with the hidden military meaning is preserved till nowadays.