Соціальний статус учителів початкових шкіл України в другій половині ХІХ ст.

Abstract
(ua) В статті досліджено, як змінювалося матеріальне становище народного вчителя України протягом другої половини ХІХ ст. в динаміці. Було показано, що з розвитком системи педагогічної освіти, підвищенням освітнього цензу вчителів, під тиском громадськості відбувалося поступове зростання соціального статусу народного вчителя.
(en) The article examines how financial situation of Ukrainian people's teacher was changed during the second half of the ХІХ century dynamics. It was shown that the development of the system of teacher education, increasing educational qualifications of teachers, under public pressure, caused the gradual growth of the national social status of teachers. In scientific use little-known sources and archival documents was introduced. Over half a century has passed difficult period the teachers evolutionary path. It came from the depths of the people, the most educated of his rank and file of different ranks. The first teachers were deacon, retired minor officials and soldiers dropout different schools hramotiyi peasants. A similar level of training and of teaching have shaped its source, rather low social status and material security. With the development of teacher education system, increasing demands to the educational qualifications of teachers, teacher quality changes corporation louder voices on the need to improve the people's material support teachers and therefore increase his social status in society. The combined efforts of the teachers and the public though slowly, but began to bear results. In the early twentieth century. zemstvos authorities used various measures to improve the financial position of the teacher, their growing salaries, introduced various allowances, establishing the pension, new teachers started: Mutual societies are increasingly held educational courses, Teacher opened library. Financial position of teachers was generally much better than the peasants and workers, the children they teach, that is better than the vast majority of the empire. At the same time the teacher was on the lowest rung of the social ladder among the educated part of society. The level of financial support it did not meet the standards of the social Raznochinnaya educated stratum of society. He answered and importance of the tasks which society pinned to school. So the voices of the poor financial status of teachers continued to be heard a new beginning of the ХХ century.
Description
Keywords
початкова школа, соціальний статус учителя, primary school, the social status of the teacher, zemstvo
Citation
Вдовенко В. В. Соціальний статус учителів початкових шкіл України в другій половині ХІХ ст. / Вікторія Віталіївна Вдовенко // Педагогічна освіта: теорія і практика : зб. наук. праць Кам’янець-Подільського національного університету ім. І. Огієнка. - Кам’янець-Подільський, 2016. – Вип. 20, ч.1.