Иранские языковые реликты в словацкой исторической топонимии
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Date
2018
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Наука
Abstract
(ru) В статье предлагается этимологический анализ группы топонимов, обозначавших различные географические объекты на территории исторической Словакии. Структура этих лексем не поддается объяснению в рамках славянского или венгерского языков, но находит близкие аналоги в иранском материале, что дает основания считать их следами сармато-аланского присутствия в ареале архаичной славянской (словацкой) топонимии. Полученные предварительные результаты позволяют реконструировать ряд сармато-аланских терминов топографической номенклатуры.
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(en) The paper deals with the etymological analysis of a toponymic group, which denoted geographical objects on the historical territory of Slovakia. The structure of these words can not be explained taking into account only Slavonic or Hungarian vocabulary, but it corresponds to some lexemes in Iranian vocabulary. This fact entitles us to suppose that these toponyms are presumably traces of Sarmatian-Alanpresence in the area of archaic Slavonic (Slovac) toponymy. Due to preliminary results of etymological analysis and reconstruction it is arguable that some of the analyzed lexemes were used as geographical terms, comp.: *tacar(< *tačara- ~ Avest. tačar-) ‘flow’, sarf- (~ Osset. сæрвæт) ‘pasture’, *mar-gan(*mard-gan?) ‘dead well’, *han-taka(*han-taxa?) ‘place of confluence of rivers’ or ‘warm summer water’. Several of the reviewed toponyms are built according to the structure of compound words with the Iran. *kata-/*kaϑa- ‘settlement’, ‘fortress’ in postposition. Some derivatives are of interest, providing parallels between the analyzed lexemes and the vocabulary of Avesta. Lastly, the phonetic structure of the reviewed words demonstrates their similarity to a phonetic condition which is represented in the structure of the Ossetian words.
(en) The paper deals with the etymological analysis of a toponymic group, which denoted geographical objects on the historical territory of Slovakia. The structure of these words can not be explained taking into account only Slavonic or Hungarian vocabulary, but it corresponds to some lexemes in Iranian vocabulary. This fact entitles us to suppose that these toponyms are presumably traces of Sarmatian-Alanpresence in the area of archaic Slavonic (Slovac) toponymy. Due to preliminary results of etymological analysis and reconstruction it is arguable that some of the analyzed lexemes were used as geographical terms, comp.: *tacar(< *tačara- ~ Avest. tačar-) ‘flow’, sarf- (~ Osset. сæрвæт) ‘pasture’, *mar-gan(*mard-gan?) ‘dead well’, *han-taka(*han-taxa?) ‘place of confluence of rivers’ or ‘warm summer water’. Several of the reviewed toponyms are built according to the structure of compound words with the Iran. *kata-/*kaϑa- ‘settlement’, ‘fortress’ in postposition. Some derivatives are of interest, providing parallels between the analyzed lexemes and the vocabulary of Avesta. Lastly, the phonetic structure of the reviewed words demonstrates their similarity to a phonetic condition which is represented in the structure of the Ossetian words.
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Keywords
этимология, форма, семантика, реконструкция, топоним, form, toponym, reconstruction, etymology, semantics
Citation
Илиади А. И. Иранские языковые реликты в словацкой исторической топонимии / Александр Иванович Илиади // Индоевропейское языкознание и классическая филология – XXII (чтения памяти И. М. Тронского) = Indo-european linguistics and classical philology XXII (Joseph M. Tronsky memorial Conference) : материалы Международной конференции (18–20 июня 2018 г.) / отв. ред. Н. Н. Казанский. – СПб. : Наука, 2018. – С. 557-566.