Структура і семантика праслов’янського слова в генетичному гнізді *ver-

Abstract

(uk) Робота присвячена слов’янській етимології та реконструкції. У дослідженні шляхом застосування порівняльно-історичного й етимологічного методів на основі слов’янської апелятивної та ономастичної лексики здійснюється комплексне відновлення праслов’янського генетичного гнізда з базовим етимоном * vег - ‘крутити, гнути, вертіти; вергати’, встановлюється механізм і шляхи розвитку структури і семантики цілої кореневої групи, формулюються деякі теоретичні положення вчення про мовні підсистеми.

(ru) Работа посвящена славянской этимологии и реконструкции. В исследовании путем применения сравнительно-исторического и этимологического методов на основе славянской апеллятивной и ономастической лексики осуществляется комплексное восстановление праславянского генетического гнезда с базовым этимоном *ver-‘крутить, гнуть, вертеть; швырять’, устанавливается механизм и пути развития структуры и семантики целой корневой группы, формулируются некоторые теоретические положения учения о языковых подсистемах.

(en) Dissertation for the Candidate’s degree in Philology on speciality 10.02.03 – Slavonic languages - Institute of Ukrainian Language NAS of Ukraine, Kiev, 2001. The work deals with the Slavonic etymology and reconstruction. In the research the complex reconstruction of the oldslavic genetic claster with the basic stem *ver- ‘to twist, to bend, to turn, to fling’ is carried out by means of the comparative historical and etymological methods on the material of the Slavonic appelant and onomastic lexics; the research defines the mechanism and the ways of the development of the structure and the semantics of the whole root group; it formulates some theoretical theses of the studies of the language subsystems. The integral reconstruction of the oldslavic genetic (resp. etymological) claster with the etymon *ver- ‘to twist, to bend, to turn, to fling’ revealed difficult organization of this derivative-etymological microsystem. Deep interaction between its lexical units is caused by close interlacing of the morfemic and semantic components within the bounds of the operation field which takes part in the transformation of the fragment of the reality (the flow of impressions) into the totality of the language signs and methods of their combination. Thus, it is to point out: a) reasons, receptors, effectors as the basic regulators of the functioning of the genetic microsystem; b) the concept of the operation field as a totality of the associative semantic parameters that make it possible to semantize the world of the realities. The considerable branching of the etymological semantics of the derivative stems of the claster with the root *ver- caused the formation of a great number of the names from the sphere of culture life and the strategical (spatial, chronological) orientation of the Slavonic nations in its system. The etymological Semantics of the basic archaetyps narrowed and broadened in accordance with the ponderability of the features of the objects, phenomena of the reality that lay in the basis of the motivation. From the retrospective point of view there can be differentiated two chronological cuts on the described claster in its development. The first cut (common idoeuropean) includes some of the basic stems that are at the head of some paradigms, and the second cut includes the oldslavic morfo-semantic complexes that are formed from them. The ablaut infrastructure of the family with the root *ver- delimits its formations into two categories. The first category (greater in quantity) embraces derivatives with the genetic connections on the level of the root gradation. The second category (less in quantity) is presented by the derivatives that are not included into any ablaut model of the prehistoric period. The affixational fund of the claster *ver-is various enough. The affixes - a l-/-o l-/-el-, -bj-, -a k -/-a c-, -an-, -ik-, -ьк -, -in-, -ic-, -ьс- revealed the highest degree of the derivational activity. The prefixational derivation is basicaly presented by the formants k a -/k o -, na-, sb-/sQ-, za -, Q-, sa-. The material and the definite statements of the research can be used in the practice of the historical lexicografy, while compiling the dictionaries of the Slavonic language antiquities in particular in the compiling of the etymological dictionaries of some Slavonic languages, the dictionary of the oldslavic lexics.